Failure mode specific analytics using parametric models

ABSTRACT

Techniques for predicting failure mode specific reliability characteristics of tangible equipment using parametric probability models are disclosed. In some example embodiments, a computer system receives a model training configuration entered via a user interface, trains a failure curve model for a selected failure mode of a selected equipment model based on the model training configuration at a time indicated by training schedule data, generating, and generates analytical data for the selected failure mode of the selected equipment model using the trained failure curve model. The failure mode corresponds to a specific way in which the equipment model is capable of failing. In some example embodiments, the training of the failure curve model comprises determining a shape parameter and a scale parameter for the failure curve model based on a fitting of failure event data to a continuous probability distribution, and storing the parameters for use in generating the analytical data.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of prior application Ser. No.16/694,673, filed on Nov. 25, 2019, and entitled, “FAILURE MODE SPECIFICANALYTICS USING PARAMETRIC MODELS,” which claims priority to U.S.Provisional Application No. 62/893,720, filed on Aug. 29, 2019, andentitled, “FAILURE MODE SPECIFIC ANALYTICS USING PARAMETRIC MODELS,”which applications are hereby incorporated by reference in theirentirety as set forth herein.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present application relates generally to the technical field ofelectrical computer systems, and, in various embodiments, to systems andmethods of predicting failure mode specific reliability characteristicsof tangible equipment assets using parametric probability models.

BACKGROUND

Current solutions for predicting failures in equipment are dependent onsensor data. However, a significant amount of equipment is notinstrumented with sensors for providing such data. Data such as meantime between failures (MTBF) metrics are not actionable measures ofequipment life span or remaining useful life. As a result, computersystems lack the ability to accurately estimate important analyticaldata used in maintaining the equipment, such as the probability offailure and the remaining useful life for a particular equipment model.Furthermore, current solutions do not provide user interface withinteractive visualizations of such analytical data or the ability forusers to interactively adjust the granularity of such analytical data tofocus the analytical data on a particular mode of failure of aparticular equipment model rather than just a general failure of theparticular equipment model.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Some example embodiments of the present disclosure are illustrated byway of example and not limitation in the figures of the accompanyingdrawings, in which like reference numbers indicate similar elements.

FIG. 1 is a network diagram illustrating a client-server system, inaccordance with some example embodiments.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating enterprise applications andservices in an enterprise application platform, in accordance with someexample embodiments.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating an equipment maintenance system,in accordance with some example embodiments.

FIG. 4 illustrates different types of datasets for life data, inaccordance with some example embodiments.

FIG. 5 illustrates a Weibull probability graph, in accordance with someexample embodiments.

FIG. 6 illustrates a graph of a Weibull cumulative distributionfunction, in accordance with some example embodiments.

FIG. 7 illustrates a probability of failure graph, in accordance withsome example embodiments.

FIG. 8 illustrates a Weibull reliability or survival function graph, inaccordance with some example embodiments.

FIG. 9 illustrates a graph showing a remaining useful life for an asset,in accordance with some example embodiments.

FIG. 10 illustrates a probability density function graph, in accordancewith some example embodiments.

FIG. 11 illustrates a probability density function graph showingdifferent distributions with their corresponding shape parameters, inaccordance with some example embodiments.

FIG. 12 illustrates a graph showing a reliability bathtub curve, inaccordance with some example embodiments.

FIG. 13 illustrates a hazard function graph, in accordance with someexample embodiments.

FIG. 14 illustrates a hazard function graph showing the effects of theshape parameter on the hazard function, in accordance with some exampleembodiments.

FIG. 15 illustrates an algorithmic pipeline for predicting failure modespecific reliability characteristics of tangible equipment assets usingparametric probability models, in accordance with some exampleembodiments.

FIG. 16 illustrates a graphical user interface for configuringparameters for the algorithmic pipeline, in accordance with some exampleembodiments.

FIG. 17 is a flowchart illustrating a method of predicting failure modespecific reliability characteristics of tangible equipment assets usingparametric probability models, in accordance with some exampleembodiments.

FIG. 18 is a block diagram of an example computer system on whichmethodologies described herein can be executed, in accordance with someexample embodiments.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Example methods and systems for predicting failure mode specificreliability characteristics of tangible equipment assets usingparametric probability models are disclosed. In the followingdescription, for purposes of explanation, numerous specific details areset forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of exampleembodiments. It will be evident, however, to one skilled in the art thatthe present embodiments can be practiced without these specific details.

The implementation of the features disclosed herein involves anon-generic, unconventional, and non-routine operation or combination ofoperations. By applying one or more of the solutions disclosed herein,some technical effects of the system and method of the presentdisclosure are to generate accurate and granular analytical data for anequipment model that is not instrumented with sensors. Other technicaleffects will be apparent from this disclosure as well.

The methods or embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented as acomputer system having one or more modules (e.g., hardware modules orsoftware modules). Such modules may be executed by one or more hardwareprocessors of the computer system. In some example embodiments, anon-transitory machine-readable storage device can store a set ofinstructions that, when executed by at least one processor, causes theat least one processor to perform the operations and method stepsdiscussed within the present disclosure.

The details of one or more variations of the subject matter describedherein are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the descriptionbelow. Other features and benefits of the subject matter describedherein will be apparent from the description and drawings, and from theclaims.

FIG. 1 is a network diagram illustrating a client-server system 100, inaccordance with some example embodiments. A platform (e.g., machines andsoftware), in the example form of an enterprise application platform112, provides server-side functionality, via a network 114 (e.g., theInternet) to one or more clients. FIG. 1 illustrates, for example, aclient machine 116 with programmatic client 118 (e.g., a browser), asmall device client machine 122 with a small device web client 120(e.g., a browser without a script engine), and a client/server machine117 with a programmatic client 119.

Turning specifically to the example enterprise application platform 112,web servers 124 and Application Program Interface (API) servers 125 canbe coupled to, and provide web and programmatic interfaces to,application servers 126. The application servers 126 can be, in turn,coupled to one or more database servers 128 that facilitate access toone or more databases 130. The cross-functional services 132 can includerelational database modules to provide support services for access tothe database(s) 130, which includes a user interface library 136. Theweb servers 124, API servers 125, application servers 126, and databaseservers 128 can host cross-functional services 132. The applicationservers 126 can further host domain applications 134.

The cross-functional services 132 provide services to users andprocesses that utilize the enterprise application platform 112. Forinstance, the cross-functional services 132 can provide portal services(e.g., web services), database services and connectivity to the domainapplications 134 for users that operate the client machine 116, theclient/server machine 117, and the small device client machine 122. Inaddition, the cross-functional services 132 can provide an environmentfor delivering enhancements to existing applications and for integratingthird-party and legacy applications with existing cross-functionalservices 132 and domain applications 134. Further, while the system 100shown in FIG. 1 employs a client-server architecture, the embodiments ofthe present disclosure are, of course, not limited to such anarchitecture, and could equally well find application in a distributed,or peer-to-peer, architecture system.

The enterprise application platform 112 can improve (e.g., increase)accessibility of data across different environments of a computer systemarchitecture. For example, the enterprise application platform 112 caneffectively and efficiently enable a user to use real data created fromuse by one or more end users of a deployed instance of a softwaresolution in a production environment when testing an instance of thesoftware solution in the development environment. The enterpriseapplication platform 112 is described in greater detail below inconjunction with FIGS. 2-8.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating enterprise applications andservices in an enterprise application platform 112, in accordance withan example embodiment. The enterprise application platform 112 caninclude cross-functional services 132 and domain applications 134. Thecross-functional services 132 can include portal modules 140, relationaldatabase modules 142, connector and messaging modules 144, API modules146, and development modules 148.

The portal modules 140 can enable a single point of access to othercross-functional services 132 and domain applications 134 for the clientmachine 116, the small device client machine 122, and the client/servermachine 117. The portal modules 140 can be utilized to process, authorand maintain web pages that present content (e.g., user interfaceelements and navigational controls) to the user. In addition, the portalmodules 140 can enable user roles, a construct that associates a rolewith a specialized environment that is utilized by a user to executetasks, utilize services, and exchange information with other userswithin a defined scope. For example, the role can determine the contentthat is available to the user and the activities that the user canperform. The portal modules 140 include a generation module, acommunication module, a receiving module and a regenerating module. Inaddition, the portal modules 140 can comply with web services standardsand/or utilize a variety of Internet technologies including JAVA®, J2EE,SAP's Advanced Business Application Programming Language (ABAP®) and WebDynpro, XML, JCA, JAAS, X.509, LDAP, WSDL, WSRR, SOAP, UDDI andMICROSOFT® .NET®.

The relational database modules 142 can provide support services foraccess to the database(s) 130, which includes a user interface library136. The relational database modules 142 can provide support for objectrelational mapping, database independence, and distributed computing.The relational database modules 142 can be utilized to add, delete,update and manage database elements. In addition, the relationaldatabase modules 142 can comply with database standards and/or utilize avariety of database technologies including SQL, SQLDBC, Oracle, MySQL,Unicode, JDBC, or the like.

The connector and messaging modules 144 can enable communication acrossdifferent types of messaging systems that are utilized by thecross-functional services 132 and the domain applications 134 byproviding a common messaging application processing interface. Theconnector and messaging modules 144 can enable asynchronouscommunication on the enterprise application platform 112.

The API modules 146 can enable the development of service-basedapplications by exposing an interface to existing and new applicationsas services. Repositories can be included in the platform as a centralplace to find available services when building applications.

The development modules 148 can provide a development environment forthe addition, integration, updating, and extension of softwarecomponents on the enterprise application platform 112 without impactingexisting cross-functional services 132 and domain applications 134.

Turning to the domain applications 134, the customer relationshipmanagement application 150 can enable access to and can facilitatecollecting and storing of relevant personalized information frommultiple data sources and business processes. Enterprise personnel thatare tasked with developing a buyer into a long-term customer can utilizethe customer relationship management applications 150 to provideassistance to the buyer throughout a customer engagement cycle.

Enterprise personnel can utilize the financial applications 152 andbusiness processes to track and control financial transactions withinthe enterprise application platform 112. The financial applications 152can facilitate the execution of operational, analytical, andcollaborative tasks that are associated with financial management.Specifically, the financial applications 152 can enable the performanceof tasks related to financial accountability, planning, forecasting, andmanaging the cost of finance.

The human resource applications 154 can be utilized by enterprisepersonnel and business processes to manage, deploy, and track enterprisepersonnel. Specifically, the human resource applications 154 can enablethe analysis of human resource issues and facilitate human resourcedecisions based on real-time information.

The product life cycle management applications 156 can enable themanagement of a product throughout the life cycle of the product. Forexample, the product life cycle management applications 156 can enablecollaborative engineering, custom product development, projectmanagement, asset management, and quality management among businesspartners.

The supply chain management applications 158 can enable monitoring ofperformances that are observed in supply chains. The supply chainmanagement applications 158 can facilitate adherence to production plansand on-time delivery of products and services.

The third-party applications 160, as well as legacy applications 162,can be integrated with domain applications 134 and utilizecross-functional services 132 on the enterprise application platform112.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating an equipment maintenance system300, in accordance with some example embodiments. In some exampleembodiments, the equipment maintenance system 300 is configured toautomate the collection of maintenance data relating to failure eventsof an equipment model, and then apply statistical methods of fitting thedata to a probability distribution such to determine a failure curve.Based on the failure curve and a life or age indicator of the equipment,the equipment management system 300 can accurately estimate theprobability of failure or remaining useful life of the equipment model,as well as other analytics.

In some embodiments, the equipment maintenance system 300 comprises anycombination of one or more of a training module 310, an analytics module320, and one or more database(s) 330. The modules 310 and 320 and thedatabase(s) 330 can reside on a computer system, or other machine,having a memory and at least one processor (not shown). In someembodiments, the modules 310 and 320 is incorporated into theapplication server(s) 126 in FIG. 1 and the database(s) 330 isincorporated into the database(s) 130 in FIG. 1. However, it iscontemplated that other configurations of the modules 310 and 320 andthe database(s) 330 are also within the scope of the present disclosure.

In some example embodiments, one or more of the modules 310 and 320 areconfigured to provide a variety of user interface functionality, such asgenerating user interfaces, interactively presenting user interfaces tothe user, receiving information from the user (e.g., interactions withuser interfaces), and so on. Presenting information to the user caninclude causing presentation of information to the user (e.g.,communicating information to a device with instructions to present theinformation to the user). Information may be presented using a varietyof means including visually displaying information and using otherdevice outputs (e.g., audio, tactile, and so forth). Similarly,information may be received via a variety of means includingalphanumeric input or other device input (e.g., one or more touchscreen, camera, tactile sensors, light sensors, infrared sensors,biometric sensors, microphone, gyroscope, accelerometer, other sensors,and so forth). In some example embodiments, one or more of the modules310 and 320 are configured to receive user input. For example, one ormore of the modules 310 and 320 can present one or more GUI elements(e.g., drop-down menu, selectable buttons, text field) with which a usercan submit input. In some example embodiments, one or more of themodules 310 and 320 is configured to perform various communicationfunctions to facilitate the functionality described herein, such as bycommunicating with a computing device (e.g., the small device clientmachine 122, the client machine 116, or the client/server machine 117)via the network 114 using a wired or wireless connection.

In some example embodiments, the training module 310 is configured toobtain failure data for an equipment model. The term “equipment model”is used herein to refer to any type of machine that is capable ofperforming a function and has a unique identification and design that isdifferent from other machines, which may be indicated by a productidentification or model number of the equipment model. An equipmentmodel is also referred to herein as an “asset.” The failure data may bestored in and retrieved from the database(s) 330. In some exampleembodiments, the database(s) 330 stores corresponding failure data foreach one of a plurality of equipment models. For example, thedatabase(s) 330 may store corresponding failure data for each one of aplurality of different models of hydraulic pumps, as well ascorresponding failure data for each of a plurality of different modelsof other types or categories of equipment as well. In some exampleembodiments, the failure data comprises data identifying, for a specificequipment model, the occurrence of events in which the specificequipment model suffered a functional failure, including data indicatingthe specific type of failure (e.g., the nature of the failure and thespecific subcomponent of the equipment model that suffered the failure)and corresponding time data indicating a time (e.g., the specific dayand time of day) at which the failure occurred. In some exampleembodiments, the failure data is based on field failure rate reportsthat include an itemized reporting of each failure event correspondingto the equipment model. The field failure rate reports may be maintainedin the database(s) 330. The failure data may be stored as part of a timeseries database that is integrated with the equipment maintenance system300.

Other life or age indicators other than time may also be stored as partof the failure data in order to enable variations on the parameters usedfor generating analytical data. For example, in addition to indicationsof failure events being associated with time (e.g., days), indicationsof failure events may also be associated with other estimators of thereal age of an equipment model, such as the number of operations thathad been performed by the equipment model at the time the failure eventoccurred, the amount of matter (e.g., energy, water, oil) that hadpassed through the equipment model or that was otherwise processed bythe equipment model at the time the failure event occurred, the amountof distance (e.g., miles) the equipment model had traveled at the timethe failure event occurred, and the amount of a specific type ofdistance (e.g., city miles versus highway miles) the equipment model hadtraveled at the time the failure event occurred. Other types of life orage indicators are also within the scope of the present disclosure andmay be used in place of time in the example embodiments disclosedherein.

The following notations are used herein:

β Beta (Shape parameter) η Eta (Scale parameter) F(t) Cumulative Failureƒ(t) Density function S(t) Cumulative Survival h(t) Hazard Function E(t)Conditional Mean Life, given survival till t

In some example embodiments, the training module 310 is configured totrain a failure curve model for the equipment model using the obtainedfailure data for the equipment model. The failure curve model isconfigured to estimate lifetime characteristics of assets specific to aparticular failure mode. A particular failure mode is a specific way inwhich a machine may fail, such as with respect to a particularsubcomponent of the machine (e.g., radiator leak, dead battery), asopposed to a generalized overall failure of the machine that is notassociated with any specific subcomponent of the machine nor any otherspecific reason for failure. In some example embodiments, the trainingmodule 310 estimates lifetime characteristics of assets specific to aparticular failure mode using statistical and data driven models.

In some example embodiments, the analytics module 320 is configured togenerate one or more types of analytical data for the equipment modelusing the failure curve model, as well as to use the generatedanalytical data in practical applications for end users. Examples of thetypes of analytical data that may be generated for the equipment modelinclude, but are not limited to, the probability of failure (PoF), theremaining useful life (RUL), and the hazard function. The probability offailure is the probability that the equipment model will suffer afailure event at a particular time or at some other particular life orage indicator (e.g., at a particular number of operations). Theremaining useful life is an estimate of the number of remaining years(or some other type of life or age metric) that an item, component, orsystem is estimated to be able to function in accordance with itsintended purpose before needing maintenance, repair, or replacementgiven a particular time or some other particular life or age indicator.The hazard function (also called the force of mortality, instantaneousfailure rate, instantaneous death rate, or age-specific failure rate) isa way to model data distribution in survival analysis and may be used tomodel an equipment model's chance of failure as a function of its age.

In some example embodiments, the analytics module 320 is configured tocause a visualization of one or more of the types of analytical data forthe equipment model to be displayed. The visualization may be generatedbased on one or more visualization parameters, such as a type ofanalytics function or a particular failure mode. The type of analyticsfunction defines the type of analytical data that that is to bevisualized and displayed, which may include, but is not limited to, theprobability of failure (PoF) the remaining useful life (RUL), and thehazard function.

Reliability Life Data Analysis refers to the study and modeling ofobserved product lives. Life data can be lifetimes of products in themarketplace, such as the time the product operated successfully or thetime the product operated before it failed. These lifetimes can bemeasured in hours, miles, cycles-to-failure, stress cycles or any othermetric with which the life or exposure of a product can be measured. Allsuch data of product lifetimes can be encompassed in the term life dataor, more specifically, product life data. The subsequent analysis andprediction are described as life data analysis. In the presentdisclosure, examples and discussions are directed to lifetimes ofinanimate objects, such as equipment, components and systems as theyapply to reliability engineering. However, the same concepts can beapplied in other areas as well.

As will be discusses in further detail below, Weibull and Log Normalanalysis may be used for failure analysis with respect to differentfailure modes of different equipment models. Related quantitativemodels, such as the binomial, Poisson, Kaplan-Meier, Gumbel extremevalue and the Crow-AMSAA, may also be used for failure analysis.

The term “life data” refers to measurements of product life. Productlife can be measured in hours, miles, cycles or any other metric thatapplies to the period of successful operation of a particular product.Since time is a common measure of life, life data points are oftencalled “times-to-failure” and product life will be described in terms oftime throughout the rest of this guide. There are different types oflife data and because each type provides different information about thelife of the product, the analysis method will vary depending on the datatype. With “complete data,” the exact time-to-failure for the unit isknown (e.g., the unit failed at 100 hours of operation). With“suspended” or “right censored” data, the unit operated successfully fora known period of time and then continued (or could have continued) tooperate for an additional unknown period of time (e.g., the unit wasstill operating at 100 hours of operation). With “interval” and “leftcensored” data, the exact time-to-failure is unknown but it falls withina known time range. For example, the unit failed between 100 hours and150 hours (interval censored) or between 0 hours and 100 hours (leftcensored).

Statistical distributions have been formulated by statisticians,mathematicians and engineers to mathematically model or representcertain behavior. The probability density function (PDF) is amathematical function that describes the distribution. In life dataanalysis, predictions are made about the life of all products in thepopulation by fitting a statistical distribution to life data from arepresentative sample of units. The parameterized distribution for thedataset can then be used to estimate important life characteristics ofthe product such as reliability or probability of failure at a specifictime, the mean life and the failure rate. Life data is available asseveral different types of datasets.

FIG. 4 illustrates different types of datasets for life data, inaccordance with some example embodiments. The different types ofdatasets include complete data 410, right censored data 420, intervalcensored data 430, and left censored data 440. Complete data means thatthe value of each sample unit is observed or known. Right censored data(suspensions) are composed of units that did not fail. Interval censoreddata reflects uncertainty as to the exact times the units failed withinan interval. This type of data frequently comes from tests or situationswhere the objects of interest are not constantly monitored. Leftcensored data, where a failure time is only known to be before a certaintime. Interval censored data is often less informative compared tocomplete data. In some example embodiments, one objective of theequipment maintenance system 300 is to be able to determine probabilityof failure of a particular failure mode, and, therefore, failurespertaining to any other failure mode are interpreted or otherwisetreated by the equipment maintenance system 300 as suspensions.

In some example embodiments, the equipment maintenance system 300 uses aWeibull distribution in generating analytics for a particular failuremode for a particular equipment model. Weibull distribution is acontinuous probability distribution. Weibull distribution may be used toconduct life data analysis to make predictions about the life of allproducts in the population by fitting a statistical distribution to lifedata from a representative sample of units. The parameterizeddistribution for the data set can then be used to estimate importantlife characteristics of the product such as reliability or probabilityof failure at a specific time, the mean life and the failure rate.

In some example embodiments, Weibull analysis is used to fit and analyzelife data. The Weibull distribution provides the best fit of life data,which is due in part to the broad range of distribution shapes that areincluded in the Weibull family. Many other distributions are included inthe Weibull family either exactly or approximately, including thenormal, the exponential, the Rayleigh, and sometimes the Poisson and theBinomial. If the Weibull fit is poor, other distributions may beconsidered unless the sample size is small (e.g., less than 21failures).

One advantage of Weibull analysis is the ability to provide reasonablyaccurate failure analysis and failure forecasts with extremely smallsamples. Weibull analysis may include one or more of the followingfeatures: plotting the data and interpreting the plot, failureforecasting and prediction, evaluating corrective action plans, testsubstantiation for new designs with minimum cost, maintenance planningand cost effective replacement strategies, spare parts forecasting,warranty analysis and support cost predictions, controlling productionprocesses, calibration of complex design systems (e.g., CAD\CAM, finiteanalysis, etc.), and recommendations to management in response toservice problems. Weibull analysis applies to only one failure mode at atime. A single part may have several failure modes and each mode has itsown Weibull plot.

One engineering method that may be used for establishing the Weibullline is to plot the time to failure data on Weibull probability graphsusing median rank plotting positions and regression analysis to fit theline. FIG. 5 illustrates a Weibull probability graph 500, in accordancewith some example embodiments. The horizontal scale is the age or timeparameter (t). This scale is logarithmic. For some assets, this could becycles of operation, operating time, mileage etc. The vertical axis isthe Cumulative Distribution Function (CDF) that defines the proportionof the parts that will fail up to age (t) in percent.

The two-parameter Weibull distribution may be used by the equipmentmanagement system 300 for life data analysis. In the 2-parameter Weibullmodel, the scale parameter (e.g., the characteristic life) η defineswhere the bulk of the distribution lies. The shape parameter β, which isthe slope of the Weibull line, defines the shape of the distribution,which shows the class of failure mode such as infant mortality, random,or wear out. The scale parameter η is equal to the mean-time-to-failure(MTTF) when the slope, β, equals one. In order to fit a statisticalmodel to a life data set, the parameters of the life distribution thatwill make the function most closely fit the data are estimated by theequipment maintenance system 300. The parameters control the shape andscale of the PDF function. Several methods have been devised to estimatethe parameters that will fit a lifetime distribution to a particulardata set. Some parameter estimation methods that may be used by theequipment maintenance system 300 include probability plotting, medianRank Regression on Y (RRY) and Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE). Insome example embodiments, for small and moderate size samples (2-100),the equipment maintenance system 300 employs median rank regression (Xonto Y) curve fitting using the times-to-failure as the dependentvariable. The equipment maintenance system 300 may use Maximumlikelihood estimation (MLE) for very large samples, over 500 failures.

In some use cases, failures are rare, thereby resulting in a moderatesize sample space. Therefore, in some example embodiments, Median RankRegression for parameter estimation is employed by the equipmentmaintenance system 300. Maximum likelihood estimates tend tooverestimate β with small samples. The slope of the Weibull plot is toosteep. MRR provides more accurate estimates of the Weibull β.

The two-parameter Weibull distribution may be used for life dataanalysis. Because life data analysis results are estimates based on theobserved lifetimes of a sampling of units, there is uncertainty in theresults due to the limited sample sizes. “Confidence bounds” (alsocalled “confidence intervals”) may be used to quantify this uncertaintydue to sampling error by expressing the confidence that a specificinterval contains the quantity of interest.

One objective of Weibull analysis is to solve problems by makingestimates of parameters such as η, β and reliability based on data. Oneestimate is a “point estimate,” a single number that might be an averageor a median estimate, for example. An interval estimate is a rangewithin which the equipment maintenance system 300 estimates the truevalue lies. The confidence interval is a range of values, bounded aboveand below, within which the true unknown value is expected to fall,thereby measuring the statistical precision of the estimate. Theprobability that the true value lies within the interval is either zeroor 1: it does or does not fall within the interval. The fact that we donot know whether or not it lies within the interval does not alter theseprobabilities. Confidence is the frequency that similar intervals willcontain the true value, assuming the fixed errors are negligible.Two-sided bounds are used to indicate that the quantity of interest iscontained within the bounds with a specific confidence. There are manyanalytical methods that may be employed by the equipment maintenancesystem 300 to estimate these confidence intervals, including, but notlimited to, beta-binomial, Fisher's matrix, likelihood ratio, MonteCarlo and pivotal.

Pivotal Bounds method utilizes Monte Carlo (MC) methods based on a“pivotal” statistic. A statistic is said to be pivotal if its samplingdistribution does not depend on unknown parameters. Pivotal (MC) boundsare particularly useful for small and intermediate size samples usingmedian rank regression. Given that PdMS failure use cases deal with asmall sample size scenario, the equipment maintenance system 300 may usePivotal (MC) for estimating the confidence bounds.

The Weibull plot have scales that transform the cumulative probabilitydistribution into a linear scale. This plot may be inspected by theequipment maintenance system 300 to determine how well the failure datafits a straight line. If data is plotted on the transformed scale and itconforms to a straight line, that supports the supposition that thedistribution is appropriate. A bad fit may relate to the physics of thefailure or to the quality of the data or the distribution is notappropriate.

The coefficient of determination R² may be used to determine thegoodness of fit. R² equals the percentage of the variation in the dataexplained by the fit to the distribution.

The Weibull cumulative distribution function refers the probability offailure which occurs with the time from 0 to t, defining the proportionof the parts that will fail up to age (t) in percent. The statisticalsymbol for the cumulative distribution function (CDF) is F(t), theprobability of failure up to time t, and is expressed as:

${F_{\beta,\eta}(t)} = {1 - {e^{- {(\frac{t}{\eta})}^{\beta}}.}}$FIG. 6 illustrates a graph 600 of a Weibull cumulative distributionfunction, in accordance with some example embodiments.

Probability of Failure (PoF) at a given time (t) is the probability thata unit will fail at a particular point in time. Probability of failureis also known as “unreliability” and it is the reciprocal of thereliability. FIG. 7 illustrates a probability of failure graph 700, inaccordance with some example embodiments. In some example embodiments,the probability of failure graph 700 comprises a Weibull plot. TheWeibull plot is a log-log set of scales. The horizontal axis of the plotis time (e.g., cycles, operating or calendar time, etc.). The verticalaccess of the plot is logarithmic and represents the probability offailure, from near zero to 99, indicating a 1% to 99% chance of failure.All units start at time, t, zero and are working. As time goes by, theunits fail until all have failed. The conditional probability offailure, given that a component has survived till t (e.g., the currentage of the component), the probability of failure at given time T (e.g.,a future age of the component) is expressed as:

${F_{\beta,\eta}\left( T \middle| t \right)} = {1 - {e^{- {({{(\frac{t}{\eta})}^{\beta} - {(\frac{T}{\eta})}^{\beta}})}}.}}$

Weibull reliability function refers to no failure probability from time0 to t. It is the complement of the CDF, the probability that failurewill not occur up to time (t), and is expressed as:

${R_{\beta,\eta}(t)} = {e^{- {(\frac{t}{\eta})}^{\beta}}.}$FIG. 8 illustrates a Weibull reliability (or survival) function graph800, in accordance with some example embodiments.

The Conditional Survival function provides a means to estimate thechance of survival for a duration beyond some known time t over whichthe item(s) have already survived. The survival function gives theprobability that the asset will survive past time t. The survivalfunction is the inverse of the cumulative density function (CDF). Thecumulative density function is:

${F_{\beta,\eta}(t)} = {1 - {e^{- {(\frac{t}{\eta})}^{\beta}}.}}$Therefore, the survival function is:

${S(t)} = {{1 - {C{DF}}} = {e^{- {(\frac{t}{\eta})}^{\beta}}.}}$Conditional reliability is defined as the probability that a componentor system will operate without failure for a mission time, x, given thatit has already survived to a given time t (i.e., the probability ofsurviving time x, given the item has already survived over time t). Thisis mathematically expressed as:

${{R\left( x \middle| t \right)} = \frac{R\left( {t + x} \right)}{R(t)}}.$

Remaining useful life (RUL) prediction aims at assessing the performancedegradation of equipment and detecting the impending failure. In oneexample where a component has survived at time t, the remaining usefullife, RUL(t), of this component is the conditional MTTF given that thecomponent has survived until time t.

The survival function can be used to determine the remaining useful lifeof a component. The conditional expectation of the truncated survivalfunction of the Weibull is used to estimate the time to failure.

The RUL forecasts the time when it is appropriate to do maintenance, notthe time until failure. The RUL is a conservative value, such that thetime t, at which maintenance is performed is such that the reliabilityof the component is not significantly degraded.

Remaining Useful Life can be estimated using conditional Weibulldistribution, where, given that a component has survived for t years,the expected remaining useful life can be determined based on thatcurrent age. The conditional mean life T of units that reach an age tis:

${E\left( T \middle| t \right)} = {\eta{\Gamma\left\lbrack {1 + \frac{1}{\beta}} \right\rbrack}e^{\lbrack{(\frac{t}{\eta})}^{\beta}\rbrack}{\left\{ {1 - {\gamma\left\lbrack {{1 + \frac{1}{\beta}};\left( \frac{t}{\eta} \right)^{\beta}} \right\rbrack}} \right\}.}}$Expected Remaining Useful Life (RUL) can be computed as E(T|t)−t. FIG. 9illustrates a graph 900 showing a remaining useful life for an asset, inaccordance with some example embodiments.

In some example embodiments, the expected remaining useful life iscomputed on the fly, as it is conditional to the current age ofsurvival. In one example embodiment, this computation is implemented bymandating scoring (e.g., which computes the ERL) to be scheduled daily,where the age of survival is considered the current age of the componentsince the last failure. Mean Time to Failure is defined as:

${\mu = {\eta{\Gamma\left( {1 + \frac{1}{\beta}} \right)}}}.$RUL at time 0 is the MTTF.

The Probability Density Function (PDF) is the derivative of the CDF withrespect to time (t), and is expressed as:

${F_{\beta,\eta}(t)} = {\frac{\beta}{\eta}\left( \frac{t}{\eta} \right)^{\beta - 1}{e^{- {(\frac{t}{\eta})}^{\beta}}.}}$FIG. 10 illustrates a probability density function graph 1000, inaccordance with some example embodiments. β is called the shapeparameter as it determines which member of the Weibull family ofdistributions is most appropriate. Different members have differentshaped probability density functions. FIG. 11 illustrates a probabilitydensity function graph 1100 showing different distributions with theircorresponding shape parameters, in accordance with some exampleembodiments.

The Weibull distribution gives a distribution for which the failure rateproportional to a power of time. The shape parameter β can beinterpreted directly as follows:

-   β<1 indicates failure rate decreases with time. This happens if    there is significant “infant mortality”, or defective items failing    early and the failure rate decreasing over time as the defective    items are weeded out of the population.-   β=1 indicates that the failure rate is constant over time. This    might suggest random external events are causing mortality, or    failure.-   β>1 indicates that the failure rate increases with time. This    happens if there is an “aging” process, or parts that are more    likely to fail as time goes on.

Most products exhibit failure characteristics that can be depicted usinga bathtub curve, which is a composite diagram that provides a frameworkfor identifying and dealing with all phases of the lives of parts andequipment. FIG. 12 illustrates a graph 1200 showing a reliabilitybathtub curve, in accordance with some example embodiments. The bathtubcurve shows the relationship between beta and failures throughout thelife of a component. The bathtub curve is the sum of infant mortality,random failure, and wear out curves. All life stages of the bathtubcurve can be modeled with the Weibull distribution and varying values ofβ.

The age reliability relationship may be estimated based on the Weibullmodel for life data, which may be determined by the instantaneousfailure rate, also known as the hazard function, which is useful incharacterizing the failure behavior of a component, determiningmaintenance crew allocation, planning for spares provisioning, etc.Failure rate is denoted as failures per unit time and is mathematicallyrepresented as follows, representing the probability of an item failingvia a specific failure mode at a specific time between installation andage t:

${{h(t)} = {\frac{\beta}{\eta}\left( \frac{t}{\eta} \right)^{\beta - 1}}}.$The hazard rate is a useful way of describing the distribution of “timeto event” because it has a natural interpretation that relates to theaging of a population. It is the ratio of the Weibull probabilitydensity function and the Weibull reliability function. Weibull hazardfunction has practical significance, contributing to the understandingof the failure type. FIG. 13 illustrates a hazard function graph 1300,in accordance with some example embodiments. A decreasing hazardfunction during the early life of a product is said to correspond toinfant mortality. Such a failure rate often indicates that the productis poorly designed or suffers from manufacturing defects. An increasinghazard function during later life of a product is said to correspond towear-out failure. Such failure rate behavior often indicates thatfailures are due to the product wearing out. FIG. 14 illustrates ahazard function graph 1400 showing the effects of the shape parameter βon the hazard function, in accordance with some example embodiments.

The following table shows the effects of the shape parameter β on theWeibull Hazard Function:

Value Property Phase 0 < β < 1 Decreasing Failure Rate Infant Mortalityβ = 1 Constant Failure Rate Useful Life (Random Failures) β > 1 1 < β <2 The failure rate increases Model Wearout at a decreasing rate as tincreases (hazard function is concave) β = 2 Hazard function is linearlyincreasing; a straight-line relationship between h(t) and t β > 2 Thefailure rate increases as t increases (hazard function is convex) 3 ≤ β≤ 4 The failure rate increases at an increasing rate as t increases (PDFapproaches normal, symmetrical) β > 4 End of Life

The first look at the Weibull plot answers two questions: (1) how goodis the fit; and (2) what is the beta, the slope. The Weibull plotprovides clues about the failure mechanism, since different slopes,betas, imply different classes of failure modes. The bathtub curve showsthe relationship between beta and failures throughout the life of acomponent. The “hazard rate” is the instantaneous failure rate.

In some example embodiments, the failure curve analysis has one modelper failure mode. In some example embodiments, the life data consideredfor the analysis would include complete data (run to failure) as well asright censored data (suspensions). In some example embodiments, thefailure modes are assumed to be independent and identically distributed.In some example embodiments, the equipment management system 300captures the age at failure (which includes factoring in anynon-operation or the actual uptime is crucial), which is a part of datapreparation outside of the scope of the algorithm. Likewise, suspensionsmay be appropriately considered. Uptimes of repairable systems may alsobe considered, where repairs are considered to bring the state of thecomponent to as good as new.

In some example embodiments, the equipment management system 300provides a novel pipeline for an end-to-end system with the ability toassess lifetime characteristics of assets for a specific failure mode.This pipeline helps in automating reliability predictions, such aspredicting remaining useful life and probability of failure for assetswhen subjected to specific failure modes.

FIG. 15 illustrates an algorithmic pipeline 1500 for predicting failuremode specific reliability characteristics of tangible equipment assetsusing parametric probability models, in accordance with some exampleembodiments. In some example embodiments, the algorithmic pipelinecomprises a sub-pipeline A 1510 and a sub-pipeline B 1530.

The sub-pipeline A is configured to automate computing the probabilityof failure, given a prediction horizon, and the remaining useful life ofan asset, given the current age. The trigger for the sub-pipeline A isthe user selection of an equipment model and a specific failure mode forwhich the lifetime characteristics would be evaluated. The timeline forwhen the age data is to be considered for training is selected and afrequency for training and scoring is chosen. A prediction horizon isconfigured for how far in the future a probability needs to be computedrelative to the current age.

FIG. 16 illustrates a graphical user interface (GUI) 1600 forconfiguring parameters for the algorithmic pipeline 1500, in accordancewith some example embodiments. In some example embodiment, the GUI 1600comprises user interface elements configured to enable the user toconfigure parameters of the algorithmic pipeline 1500. For example, theGUI 1600 may comprise a user interface element 1610 configured to enablethe user to select or otherwise input an equipment model (e.g., adrop-down menu from which the user can select an equipment model from aplurality of different equipment models), a user interface element 1612configured to enable the user to select or otherwise input a failuremode (e.g., a drop-down menu from which the user can select a failuremode from a plurality of different failure modes), a user interfaceelement 1614 configured to enable the user to select or otherwise inputa prediction horizon, user interface elements 1616 and 1618 configuredto enable the user to select or otherwise input a time period for thetraining of the model, user interface elements 1620 and 1622 configuredto enable the user to select or otherwise input a schedule for trainingthe model, and user interface elements 1624 and 1626 configured toenable the user to select or otherwise input a schedule for scoring themodel.

Referring back to the sub-pipeline A of the algorithmic pipeline 1500 inFIG. 15, at operation 1512, the equipment maintenance system 300prepares input data, which may comprise complete data and suspensions ina format suited for the parametric model fitting. The input data may bestored and accessed from a database. At operation 1514, the equipmentmaintenance system 300 trains a model, fitting the prepared input datato a probability distribution in order to estimate parameters or othercharacteristics of the equipment model. The characteristics that areestimated may include, but are not limited to, a shape parameter β, ascale parameter η, a Goodness of Fit measure R², and one or moreconfidence interval measures. This model including the estimatedcharacteristics is then persisted at operation 1516. At the scheduledfrequency of scoring, at operation 1518, the current age of the asset isautomatically extracted for the equipment model, in conjunction with theconfigured prediction horizon, and, using the stored model parameters,the probability of failure, remaining useful life, survival rate andhazard rate are computed. One or more visual representations of one ormore of these computations are then presented to the user at operation1520.

The sub-pipeline B of the algorithmic pipeline 1500 can be triggered inan event that failure modes are not present in the system, to automateits computation, and to enable the end user to use the solutionmentioned in the sub-pipeline A. The idea is to mine for this usefulinformation in millions of lines of unstructured data entered bymaintenance/service technicians when documenting the failure. Thetrigger for the sub-pipeline B is a determination of non-availability offailure modes for the equipment model considered in the sub-pipeline A.The input data for this is the unstructured data related to thefailures. The timeline for when the failure text is to be considered fortraining is selected and a frequency for training and scoring is chosen,such as via the GUI 1600 in FIG. 16. At operation 1532, the model istrained to extract topics from the unstructured data related tofailures, using algorithms such as Latent Dirchlet Allocation, LatentSemantic Analysis, Probabilistic Latent Semantic Analysis, such thateach failure is assigned a topic. Once the topics are extracted, eachtopic is mapped to the closest known Standard Failure mode by thepipeline at operation 1534. In some example embodiments, an optionaloperation 1536 in the pipeline is added to introduce user validation,where a user is prompted to review the topics (and the keywordsassociated with the topics) to validate if it has been matched to theright Failure Mode. Once the topic to failure assignment is known fromoperation 1532 and topic to failure mode assignment is performed atoperation 1534, failures are thus mapped to failure modes with thetrained data. To operationalize this knowledge learned in training andto ensure future failures created have failure modes automaticallyassigned to them, a classification model is trained, at operation 1538,to now learn characteristics of failure from the failure to failure modeassignments in order to apply this knowledge to future failures. At thescheduled frequency of scoring, at operation 1540, new failures createdwill be applied against the trained model to continuously assign failuremodes, thereby ensuring there is a failure mode available to select whentriggering the sub-pipeline A of the algorithmic pipeline 1500.

The equipment maintenance system 300 is configured to generate analyticsand to use the generated analytics in practical applications for endusers. Examples of such analytics include, but are not limited to, thecumulative distribution function, the probability of failure, thesurvival or reliability function, the expected remaining useful life,the probability density function, and the hazard function.

The cumulative distribution function may comprise a Weibull cumulativedistribution function, which provides the probability of failure whichoccurs with the time from 0 to t, in other words defines the proportionof the parts that will fail up to age (t) in percent. The statisticalsymbol for the CDF is F(t):

${{F_{\beta,\eta}(t)} = {1 - e^{- {(\frac{t}{\eta})}^{\beta}}}},$where β is the shape and η is the scale.

The probability of failure at a given time is the probability that aunit will fail at a particular point in time. Probability of failure isalso known as “unreliability” and it is the reciprocal of thereliability. The probability of failure may be expressed as:

${{F_{\beta,\eta}\left( T \middle| t \right)} = {1 - e^{- {({{(\frac{t}{\eta})}^{\beta} - {(\frac{T}{\eta})}^{\beta}})}}}},$where β is the shape, η is the scale, t is the current age, and T is thefuture age.

The survival or reliability function may comprise a Weibull reliabilityfunction, which refers to no failure probability from time 0 to t. It isthe complement of the CDF, the probability that failure will not occurup to time (t). The reliability function may be expressed as:

${{R_{\beta,\eta}(t)} = e^{- {(\frac{t}{\eta})}^{\beta}}},$β is the shape, η is the scale, and t is the current age.

The expected remaining useful life can be estimated using conditionalWeibull distribution, implying that, given that an item has survived fort years, what is the expected remaining useful life. The expectedremaining useful life may be expressed as:

${{E\left( T \middle| t \right)} = {\eta{\Gamma\left\lbrack {1 + \frac{1}{\beta}} \right\rbrack}e^{\lbrack{(\frac{t}{\eta})}^{\beta}\rbrack}\left\{ {1 - {\gamma\left\lbrack {{1 + \frac{1}{\beta}};\left( \frac{t}{\eta} \right)^{\beta}} \right\rbrack}} \right\}}},$where β is the shape, η is the scale, and t is the current age.

The probability density function is the derivative of the CDF withrespect to time (t) and may be expressed as:

${{F_{\beta,\eta}(t)} = {\frac{\beta}{\eta}\left( \frac{t}{\eta} \right)^{\beta - 1}e^{- {(\frac{t}{\eta})}^{\beta}}}},$where β is the shape, η is the scale, and t is the current age.

The hazard function may comprise a Weibull Hazard function, which is theration of the Weibull probability density function and the Weibullreliability function. The hazard function may be expressed as:

${{h(t)} = {\frac{\beta}{\eta}\left( \frac{t}{\eta} \right)^{\beta - 1}}},$where β is the shape, η is the scale, and t is the current age.

Referring back to FIG. 3, in some example embodiments, the trainingmodule 310 is configured to receive, from a computing device of a user,a model training configuration entered by the user via a user interfacedisplayed on the computing device. For example, the training module 310may display the GUI 1600 shown in FIG. 16 and receive the model trainingconfiguration entered by the user via the GUI 1600. In some exampleembodiments, the model training configuration comprises anidentification of an equipment model selected from a plurality ofdifferent equipment models (e.g., via the user interface element 1610 inFIG. 16), an identification of a failure mode selected from a pluralityof different failure modes of the selected equipment model (e.g., viathe user interface element 1612 in FIG. 16), and training schedule data(e.g., via one or more of the user interface elements 1616, 1618, 1620,and 1622 in FIG. 16). The plurality of different failure modescorrespond to different specific ways in which the selected equipmentmodel is capable of failing. In some example embodiments, the trainingschedule data indicates a time at which to train a failure curve modelfor the selected failure mode of the selected equipment model. Thetraining schedule data may indicate a frequency with which to train thefailure curve model for the selected failure mode of the selectedequipment model. However, other types of training schedule data are alsowithin the scope of the present disclosure.

In some example embodiments, the training module 310 is configured toreceive, from the computing device of the user, a data generationconfiguration entered by the user via a user interface displayed on thecomputing device, such as via the GUI 1600 in FIG. 16. The datageneration configuration may comprise generation schedule dataindicating a time at which to generate analytical data using the trainedfailure curve model. In some example embodiments, the generationschedule data indicates a frequency with which to generate theanalytical data using the trained failure curve model. However, othertypes of generation schedule data are also within the scope of thepresent disclosure. In FIG. 16, the user may enter the data generationconfiguration using the user interface elements 1624 and 1626 toindicate the frequency with which to generate the analytical data usingthe trained failure curve model.

In some example embodiments, the training module 310 is configured totrain the failure curve model based on the model training configurationat the time indicated by the training schedule data using failure eventdata for the selected failure mode of the selected equipment model. Insome example embodiments, the failure curve model is configured toestimate lifetime failure data for the selected failure mode of theselected equipment model. The lifetime failure data may indicate aprobability of the selected equipment model failing in the specific wayof the selected failure mode at any specific point in time during alifetime of a physical instance of the equipment model. In some exampleembodiments, the failure event data identifies events in which one ormore physical instances of the selected equipment model suffered afunctional failure in the specific way of the selected failure mode andcomprises time data indicating a corresponding time at which each of theplurality of events occurred (e.g., date, time of day). The failure datamay be based on failure events for different physical instances of thesame equipment model. For example, an organization may have multiplehydraulic pumps of the same model, and the equipment maintenance system300 may collect and aggregate all of the data on the failure events forthose multiple hydraulic pumps to form the failure data for thatspecific hydraulic pump model.

In some example embodiments, the failure curve model comprises aparametric model. However, other types of failure curve models are alsowithin the scope of the present disclosure. In some example embodiments,the training of the failure curve model comprises determining a shapeparameter and a scale parameter for the failure curve model based on afitting of the failure event data to a continuous probabilitydistribution, and then storing the shape parameter and the scaleparameter in a database in association with the selected failure mode ofthe selected equipment model. The stored shape parameter and the storedscale parameter may subsequently be accessed for use in generatinganalytical data for the selected failure mode of the selected equipmentmodel. In some example embodiments, the continuous probabilitydistribution comprises a Weibull distribution. However, other types ofcontinuous probability distributions are also within the scope of thepresent disclosure.

In some example embodiments, the analytics module 320 is configured togenerate analytical data for the selected failure mode of the selectedequipment model using the trained failure curve model. In some exampleembodiments, the analytical data indicates at least a portion of thelifetime failure data for the selected equipment model corresponding tothe selected failure mode. In some example embodiments, the analyticaldata is generated at the time indicated by the generation schedule databased on the data generation configuration. Examples of the types ofanalytical data that may be generated for the equipment model include,but are not limited to, the probability of failure (PoF), the remaininguseful life (RUL), and the hazard function. The probability of failureis the probability that the equipment model will suffer a failure eventat a particular time or at some other particular life or age indicator(e.g., at a particular number of operations). The remaining useful lifeis an estimate of the number of remaining years (or some other type oflife or age metric) that an item, component, or system is estimated tobe able to function in accordance with its intended purpose beforeneeding maintenance, repair, or replacement given a particular time orsome other particular life or age indicator. The hazard function (alsocalled the force of mortality, instantaneous failure rate, instantaneousdeath rate, or age-specific failure rate) is a way to model datadistribution in survival analysis and may be used to model an equipmentmodel's chance of failure as a function of its age.

In some example embodiments, the analytics module 320 is configured tocause a visualization of the generated analytical data to be displayedon the computing device or on another computing device. Thevisualization may be generated based on one or more visualizationparameters, such as a type of analytics function (e.g., PoF, RUL), aparticular failure mode, a specific user selected point on thevisualization (e.g., a user selected point on a curve of a graph), athreshold level for a probability of failure for the equipment model, ora confidence interval value for the analytical data. In some exampleembodiments, the visualization of the analytical data comprises a graphindicating corresponding probabilities of failure by the correspondingspecific manner or way of failing of the failure mode for the lifetimeof the physical instance of the equipment model. For example, thevisualization may comprise any of the graphs shown in FIGS. 5-14.However, other types of visualizations are also within the scope of thepresent disclosure.

FIG. 17 is a flowchart illustrating a method 1700 of predicting failuremode specific reliability characteristics of tangible equipment assetsusing parametric probability models, in accordance with some exampleembodiments. The method 1700 can be performed by processing logic thatcan comprise hardware (e.g., circuitry, dedicated logic, programmablelogic, microcode, etc.), software (e.g., instructions run on aprocessing device), or a combination thereof. In one example embodiment,one or more of the operations of the method 1700 are performed by theequipment maintenance system 300 of FIG. 3 or any combination of one ormore of its modules 310 and 320. However, other implementations are alsowithin the scope of the present disclosure.

At operation 1710, the equipment maintenance system 300 receives, from acomputing device of a user, a model training configuration entered bythe user via a user interface displayed on the computing device. In someexample embodiments, the model training configuration comprises anidentification of an equipment model selected from a plurality ofdifferent equipment models, an identification of a failure mode selectedfrom a plurality of different failure modes of the selected equipmentmodel, and training schedule data. The plurality of different failuremodes correspond to different specific ways in which the selectedequipment model is capable of failing. In some example embodiments, thetraining schedule data indicates a time at which to train a failurecurve model for the selected failure mode of the selected equipmentmodel. The training schedule data may indicate a frequency with which totrain the failure curve model for the selected failure mode of theselected equipment model. However, other types of training schedule dataare also within the scope of the present disclosure.

In some example embodiments, at operation 1710 or in a separateoperation at a separate time, the equipment maintenance system 300receives, from the computing device of the user, a data generationconfiguration entered by the user via the user interface displayed onthe computing device. The data generation configuration may comprisegeneration schedule data indicating a time at which to generateanalytical data using the trained failure curve model. In some exampleembodiments, the generation schedule data indicates a frequency withwhich to generate the analytical data using the trained failure curvemodel. However, other types of generation schedule data are also withinthe scope of the present disclosure.

At operation 1720, the equipment maintenance system 300 trains thefailure curve model based on the model training configuration at thetime indicated by the training schedule data using failure event datafor the selected failure mode of the selected equipment model. In someexample embodiments, the failure curve model is configured to estimatelifetime failure data for the selected failure mode of the selectedequipment model. The lifetime failure data may indicate a probability ofthe selected equipment model failing in the specific way of the selectedfailure mode at any specific point in time during a lifetime of aphysical instance of the equipment model. In some example embodiments,the failure event data identifies events in which one or more physicalinstances of the selected equipment model suffered a functional failurein the specific way of the selected failure mode and comprises time dataindicating a corresponding time at which each of the plurality of eventsoccurred (e.g., date, time of day). The failure data may be based onfailure events for different physical instances of the same equipmentmodel. For example, an organization may have multiple hydraulic pumps ofthe same model, and the equipment maintenance system 300 may collect andaggregate all of the data on the failure events for those multiplehydraulic pumps to form the failure data for that specific hydraulicpump model.

In some example embodiments, the failure curve model comprises aparametric model. However, other types of failure curve models are alsowithin the scope of the present disclosure. In some example embodiments,the training of the failure curve model comprises determining a shapeparameter and a scale parameter for the failure curve model based on afitting of the failure event data to a continuous probabilitydistribution, and then storing the shape parameter and the scaleparameter in a database in association with the selected failure mode ofthe selected equipment model. The stored shape parameter and the storedscale parameter may subsequently be accessed for use in generatinganalytical data for the selected failure mode of the selected equipmentmodel. In some example embodiments, the continuous probabilitydistribution comprises a Weibull distribution. However, other types ofcontinuous probability distributions are also within the scope of thepresent disclosure.

At operation 1730, the equipment maintenance system 300 generatesanalytical data for the selected failure mode of the selected equipmentmodel using the trained failure curve model. In some exampleembodiments, the analytical data indicates at least a portion of thelifetime failure data for the selected equipment model corresponding tothe selected failure mode. In some example embodiments, the analyticaldata is generated at the time indicated by the generation schedule databased on the data generation configuration. Examples of the types ofanalytical data that may be generated for the equipment model include,but are not limited to, the probability of failure (PoF), the remaininguseful life (RUL), and the hazard function. The probability of failureis the probability that the equipment model will suffer a failure eventat a particular time or at some other particular life or age indicator(e.g., at a particular number of operations). The remaining useful lifeis an estimate of the number of remaining years (or some other type oflife or age metric) that an item, component, or system is estimated tobe able to function in accordance with its intended purpose beforeneeding maintenance, repair, or replacement given a particular time orsome other particular life or age indicator. The hazard function (alsocalled the force of mortality, instantaneous failure rate, instantaneousdeath rate, or age-specific failure rate) is a way to model datadistribution in survival analysis and may be used to model an equipmentmodel's chance of failure as a function of its age.

At operation 1740, the equipment maintenance system 300 causes avisualization of the generated analytical data to be displayed on thecomputing device or on another computing device. The visualization maybe generated based on one or more visualization parameters, such as atype of analytics function (e.g., PoF, RUL), a particular failure mode,a specific user selected point on the visualization (e.g., a userselected point on a curve of a graph), a threshold level for aprobability of failure for the equipment model, or a confidence intervalvalue for the analytical data. In some example embodiments, thevisualization of the analytical data comprises a graph indicatingcorresponding probabilities of failure by the corresponding specificmanner or way of failing of the failure mode for the lifetime of thephysical instance of the equipment model. However, other types ofvisualizations are also within the scope of the present disclosure.

It is contemplated that any of the other features described within thepresent disclosure can be incorporated into the method 1700.

Certain embodiments are described herein as including logic or a numberof components, modules, or mechanisms. Modules may constitute eithersoftware modules (e.g., code embodied on a machine-readable medium or ina transmission signal) or hardware modules. A hardware module is atangible unit capable of performing certain operations and may beconfigured or arranged in a certain manner. In example embodiments, oneor more computer systems (e.g., a standalone, client, or server computersystem) or one or more hardware modules of a computer system (e.g., aprocessor or a group of processors) may be configured by software (e.g.,an application or application portion) as a hardware module thatoperates to perform certain operations as described herein.

In various embodiments, a hardware module may be implementedmechanically or electronically. For example, a hardware module maycomprise dedicated circuitry or logic that is permanently configured(e.g., as a special-purpose processor, such as a field programmable gatearray (FPGA) or an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC)) toperform certain operations. A hardware module may also compriseprogrammable logic or circuitry (e.g., as encompassed within ageneral-purpose processor or other programmable processor) that istemporarily configured by software to perform certain operations. Itwill be appreciated that the decision to implement a hardware modulemechanically, in dedicated and permanently configured circuitry, or intemporarily configured circuitry (e.g., configured by software) may bedriven by cost and time considerations.

Accordingly, the term “hardware module” should be understood toencompass a tangible entity, be that an entity that is physicallyconstructed, permanently configured (e.g., hardwired) or temporarilyconfigured (e.g., programmed) to operate in a certain manner and/or toperform certain operations described herein. Considering embodiments inwhich hardware modules are temporarily configured (e.g., programmed),each of the hardware modules need not be configured or instantiated atany one instance in time. For example, where the hardware modulescomprise a general-purpose processor configured using software, thegeneral-purpose processor may be configured as respective differenthardware modules at different times. Software may accordingly configurea processor, for example, to constitute a particular hardware module atone instance of time and to constitute a different hardware module at adifferent instance of time.

Hardware modules can provide information to, and receive informationfrom, other hardware modules. Accordingly, the described hardwaremodules may be regarded as being communicatively coupled. Where multipleof such hardware modules exist contemporaneously, communications may beachieved through signal transmission (e.g., over appropriate circuitsand buses that connect the hardware modules). In embodiments in whichmultiple hardware modules are configured or instantiated at differenttimes, communications between such hardware modules may be achieved, forexample, through the storage and retrieval of information in memorystructures to which the multiple hardware modules have access. Forexample, one hardware module may perform an operation and store theoutput of that operation in a memory device to which it iscommunicatively coupled. A further hardware module may then, at a latertime, access the memory device to retrieve and process the storedoutput. Hardware modules may also initiate communications with input oroutput devices and can operate on a resource (e.g., a collection ofinformation).

The various operations of example methods described herein may beperformed, at least partially, by one or more processors that aretemporarily configured (e.g., by software) or permanently configured toperform the relevant operations. Whether temporarily or permanentlyconfigured, such processors may constitute processor-implemented modulesthat operate to perform one or more operations or functions. The modulesreferred to herein may, in some example embodiments, compriseprocessor-implemented modules.

Similarly, the methods described herein may be at least partiallyprocessor-implemented. For example, at least some of the operations of amethod may be performed by one or more processors orprocessor-implemented modules. The performance of certain of theoperations may be distributed among the one or more processors, not onlyresiding within a single machine, but deployed across a number ofmachines. In some example embodiments, the processor or processors maybe located in a single location (e.g., within a home environment, anoffice environment or as a server farm), while in other embodiments theprocessors may be distributed across a number of locations.

The one or more processors may also operate to support performance ofthe relevant operations in a “cloud computing” environment or as a“software as a service” (SaaS). For example, at least some of theoperations may be performed by a group of computers (as examples ofmachines including processors), these operations being accessible via anetwork (e.g., the network 114 of FIG. 1) and via one or moreappropriate interfaces (e.g., APIs).

Example embodiments may be implemented in digital electronic circuitry,or in computer hardware, firmware, software, or in combinations of them.Example embodiments may be implemented using a computer program product,e.g., a computer program tangibly embodied in an information carrier,e.g., in a machine-readable medium for execution by, or to control theoperation of, data processing apparatus, e.g., a programmable processor,a computer, or multiple computers.

A computer program can be written in any form of programming language,including compiled or interpreted languages, and it can be deployed inany form, including as a stand-alone program or as a module, subroutine,or other unit suitable for use in a computing environment. A computerprogram can be deployed to be executed on one computer or on multiplecomputers at one site or distributed across multiple sites andinterconnected by a communication network.

In example embodiments, operations may be performed by one or moreprogrammable processors executing a computer program to performfunctions by operating on input data and generating output. Methodoperations can also be performed by, and apparatus of exampleembodiments may be implemented as, special purpose logic circuitry(e.g., a FPGA or an ASIC).

A computing system can include clients and servers. A client and serverare generally remote from each other and typically interact through acommunication network. The relationship of client and server arises byvirtue of computer programs running on the respective computers andhaving a client-server relationship to each other. In embodimentsdeploying a programmable computing system, it will be appreciated thatboth hardware and software architectures merit consideration.Specifically, it will be appreciated that the choice of whether toimplement certain functionality in permanently configured hardware(e.g., an ASIC), in temporarily configured hardware (e.g., a combinationof software and a programmable processor), or a combination ofpermanently and temporarily configured hardware may be a design choice.Below are set out hardware (e.g., machine) and software architecturesthat may be deployed, in various example embodiments.

FIG. 18 is a block diagram of a machine in the example form of acomputer system 1800 within which instructions 1824 for causing themachine to perform any one or more of the methodologies discussed hereinmay be executed. In alternative embodiments, the machine operates as astandalone device or may be connected (e.g., networked) to othermachines. In a networked deployment, the machine may operate in thecapacity of a server or a client machine in a server-client networkenvironment, or as a peer machine in a peer-to-peer (or distributed)network environment. The machine may be a personal computer (PC), atablet PC, a set-top box (STB), a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), acellular telephone, a web appliance, a network router, switch or bridge,or any machine capable of executing instructions (sequential orotherwise) that specify actions to be taken by that machine. Further,while only a single machine is illustrated, the term “machine” shallalso be taken to include any collection of machines that individually orjointly execute a set (or multiple sets) of instructions to perform anyone or more of the methodologies discussed herein.

The example computer system 1800 includes a processor 1802 (e.g., acentral processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU) orboth), a main memory 1804, and a static memory 1806, which communicatewith each other via a bus 1808. The computer system 1800 may furtherinclude a graphics or video display unit 1810 (e.g., a liquid crystaldisplay (LCD) or a cathode ray tube (CRT)). The computer system 1800also includes an alphanumeric input device 1812 (e.g., a keyboard), auser interface (UI) navigation (or cursor control) device 1814 (e.g., amouse), a storage unit (e.g., a disk drive unit) 1816, an audio orsignal generation device 1818 (e.g., a speaker), and a network interfacedevice 1820.

The storage unit 1816 includes a machine-readable medium 1822 on whichis stored one or more sets of data structures and instructions 1824(e.g., software) embodying or utilized by any one or more of themethodologies or functions described herein. The instructions 1824 mayalso reside, completely or at least partially, within the main memory1804 and/or within the processor 1802 during execution thereof by thecomputer system 1800, the main memory 1804 and the processor 1802 alsoconstituting machine-readable media. The instructions 1824 may alsoreside, completely or at least partially, within the static memory 1806.

While the machine-readable medium 1822 is shown in an example embodimentto be a single medium, the term “machine-readable medium” may include asingle medium or multiple media (e.g., a centralized or distributeddatabase, and/or associated caches and servers) that store the one ormore instructions 1824 or data structures. The term “machine-readablemedium” shall also be taken to include any tangible medium that iscapable of storing, encoding or carrying instructions for execution bythe machine and that cause the machine to perform any one or more of themethodologies of the present embodiments, or that is capable of storing,encoding or carrying data structures utilized by or associated with suchinstructions. The term “machine-readable medium” shall accordingly betaken to include, but not be limited to, solid-state memories, andoptical and magnetic media. Specific examples of machine-readable mediainclude non-volatile memory, including by way of example semiconductormemory devices (e.g., Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EPROM),Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM), and flashmemory devices); magnetic disks such as internal hard disks andremovable disks; magneto-optical disks; and compact disc-read-onlymemory (CD-ROM) and digital versatile disc (or digital video disc)read-only memory (DVD-ROM) disks.

The instructions 1824 may further be transmitted or received over acommunications network 1826 using a transmission medium. Theinstructions 1824 may be transmitted using the network interface device1820 and any one of a number of well-known transfer protocols (e.g.,HTTP). Examples of communication networks include a LAN, a WAN, theInternet, mobile telephone networks, POTS networks, and wireless datanetworks (e.g., WiFi and WiMax networks). The term “transmission medium”shall be taken to include any intangible medium capable of storing,encoding, or carrying instructions for execution by the machine, andincludes digital or analog communications signals or other intangiblemedia to facilitate communication of such software.

Each of the features and teachings disclosed herein can be utilizedseparately or in conjunction with other features and teachings toprovide a system and method for blind spot implementation in neuralnetworks. Representative examples utilizing many of these additionalfeatures and teachings, both separately and in combination, aredescribed in further detail with reference to the attached figures. Thisdetailed description is merely intended to teach a person of skill inthe art further details for practicing certain aspects of the presentteachings and is not intended to limit the scope of the claims.Therefore, combinations of features disclosed above in the detaileddescription may not be necessary to practice the teachings in thebroadest sense, and are instead taught merely to describe particularlyrepresentative examples of the present teachings.

Some portions of the detailed descriptions herein are presented in termsof algorithms and symbolic representations of operations on data bitswithin a computer memory. These algorithmic descriptions andrepresentations are the means used by those skilled in the dataprocessing arts to most effectively convey the substance of their workto others skilled in the art. An algorithm is here, and generally,conceived to be a self-consistent sequence of steps leading to a desiredresult. The steps are those requiring physical manipulations of physicalquantities. Usually, though not necessarily, these quantities take theform of electrical or magnetic signals capable of being stored,transferred, combined, compared, and otherwise manipulated. It hasproven convenient at times, principally for reasons of common usage, torefer to these signals as bits, values, elements, symbols, characters,terms, numbers, or the like.

It should be borne in mind, however, that all of these and similar termsare to be associated with the appropriate physical quantities and aremerely convenient labels applied to these quantities. Unlessspecifically stated otherwise as apparent from the below discussion, itis appreciated that throughout the description, discussions utilizingterms such as “processing” or “computing” or “calculating” or“determining” or “displaying” or the like, refer to the action andprocesses of a computer system, or similar electronic computing device,that manipulates and transforms data represented as physical(electronic) quantities within the computer system's registers andmemories into other data similarly represented as physical quantitieswithin the computer system memories or registers or other suchinformation storage, transmission or display devices.

The present disclosure also relates to an apparatus for performing theoperations herein. This apparatus may be specially constructed for therequired purposes, or it may include a computer selectively activated orreconfigured by a computer program stored in the computer. Such acomputer program may be stored in a computer readable storage medium,such as, but not limited to, any type of disk, including floppy disks,optical disks, CD-ROMs, and magnetic-optical disks, read-only memories(ROMs), random access memories (RAMs), EPROMs, EEPROMs, magnetic oroptical cards, or any type of media suitable for storing electronicinstructions, and each coupled to a computer system bus.

The example methods or algorithms presented herein are not inherentlyrelated to any particular computer or other apparatus. Various computersystems, computer servers, or personal computers may be used withprograms in accordance with the teachings herein, or it may proveconvenient to construct a more specialized apparatus to perform themethod steps disclosed herein. The structure for a variety of thesesystems will appear from the description herein. It will be appreciatedthat a variety of programming languages may be used to implement theteachings of the disclosure as described herein.

Moreover, the various features of the representative examples and thedependent claims may be combined in ways that are not specifically andexplicitly enumerated in order to provide additional useful embodimentsof the present teachings. It is also expressly noted that all valueranges or indications of groups of entities disclose every possibleintermediate value or intermediate entity for the purpose of originaldisclosure, as well as for the purpose of restricting the claimedsubject matter. It is also expressly noted that the dimensions and theshapes of the components shown in the figures are designed to aid inunderstanding how the present teachings are practiced, but not intendedto limit the dimensions and the shapes shown in the examples.

Although an embodiment has been described with reference to specificexample embodiments, it will be evident that various modifications andchanges may be made to these embodiments without departing from thebroader spirit and scope of the present disclosure. Accordingly, thespecification and drawings are to be regarded in an illustrative ratherthan a restrictive sense. The accompanying drawings that form a parthereof show, by way of illustration, and not of limitation, specificembodiments in which the subject matter may be practiced. Theembodiments illustrated are described in sufficient detail to enablethose skilled in the art to practice the teachings disclosed herein.Other embodiments may be utilized and derived therefrom, such thatstructural and logical substitutions and changes may be made withoutdeparting from the scope of this disclosure. This Detailed Description,therefore, is not to be taken in a limiting sense, and the scope ofvarious embodiments is defined only by the appended claims, along withthe full range of equivalents to which such claims are entitled.

Such embodiments of the inventive subject matter may be referred toherein, individually and/or collectively, by the term “invention” merelyfor convenience and without intending to voluntarily limit the scope ofthis application to any single invention or inventive concept if morethan one is in fact disclosed. Thus, although specific embodiments havebeen illustrated and described herein, it should be appreciated that anyarrangement calculated to achieve the same purpose may be substitutedfor the specific embodiments shown. This disclosure is intended to coverany and all adaptations or variations of various embodiments.Combinations of the above embodiments, and other embodiments notspecifically described herein, will be apparent to those of skill in theart upon reviewing the above description.

EXAMPLES

1. A computer-implemented method comprising:

-   -   receiving, by at least one hardware processor from a computing        device of a user, a model training configuration entered by the        user via a user interface displayed on the computing device, the        model training configuration comprising an identification of an        equipment model selected from a plurality of different equipment        models, an identification of a failure mode selected from a        plurality of different failure modes of the selected equipment        model, and training schedule data, the plurality of different        failure modes corresponding to different specific ways in which        the selected equipment model is capable of failing, and the        training schedule data indicating a time at which to train a        failure curve model for the selected failure mode of the        selected equipment model;    -   training, by the at least one hardware processor, the failure        curve model based on the model training configuration at the        time indicated by the training schedule data using failure event        data for the selected failure mode of the selected equipment        model, the failure curve model being configured to estimate        lifetime failure data for the selected failure mode of the        selected equipment model, the lifetime failure data indicating a        probability of the selected equipment model failing in the        specific way of the selected failure mode at any specific point        in time during a lifetime of a physical instance of the        equipment model, the failure event data identifying events in        which one or more physical instances of the selected equipment        model suffered a functional failure in the specific way of the        selected failure mode and comprising time data indicating a        corresponding time at which each of the plurality of events        occurred; and    -   generating, by the at least one hardware processor, analytical        data for the selected failure mode of the selected equipment        model using the trained failure curve model, the analytical data        indicating at least a portion of the lifetime failure data for        the selected equipment model corresponding to the selected        failure mode.

2. The computer-implemented method of example 1, further comprisingcausing, by the at least one hardware processor, a visualization of thegenerated analytical data to be displayed on the computing device or onanother computing device.

3. The computer-implemented method of example 1 or example 2, whereinthe failure curve model comprises a parametric model.

4. The computer-implemented method of any one of examples 1 to 3,wherein the training of the failure curve model comprises:

-   -   determining a shape parameter and a scale parameter for the        failure curve model based on a fitting of the failure event data        to a continuous probability distribution; and    -   storing the shape parameter and the scale parameter in a        database in association with the selected failure mode of the        selected equipment model,    -   wherein the generating of the analytical data for the selected        failure mode of the selected equipment model using the trained        failure curve model comprises accessing the shape parameter and        the scale parameter stored in the database and generating the        analytical data using the accessed shape parameter and scale        parameter.

5. The computer-implemented method of any one of examples 1 to 4,wherein the continuous probability distribution comprises a Weibulldistribution.

6. The computer-implemented method of any one of examples 1 to 5,wherein the training schedule data indicates a frequency with which totrain the failure curve model for the selected failure mode of theselected equipment model.

7. The computer-implemented method of any one of examples 1 to 6,further comprising:

-   -   receiving, by the at least one hardware processor from the        computing device of the user, a data generation configuration        entered by the user via the user interface displayed on the        computing device, the data generation configuration comprising        generation schedule data indicating a time at which to generate        analytical data using the trained failure curve model,    -   wherein the analytical data is generated at the time indicated        by the generation schedule data based on the data generation        configuration.

8. The computer-implemented method of any one of examples 1 to 7,wherein the generation schedule data indicates a frequency with which togenerate the analytical data using the trained failure curve model.

9. A system comprising:

-   -   at least one processor; and    -   a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing executable        instructions that, when executed, cause the at least one        processor to perform the method of any one of examples 1 to 8.

10. A non-transitory machine-readable storage medium, tangibly embodyinga set of instructions that, when executed by at least one processor,causes the at least one processor to perform the method of any one ofexamples 1 to 8.

11. A machine-readable medium carrying a set of instructions that, whenexecuted by at least one processor, causes the at least one processor tocarry out the method of any one of examples 1 to 8.

The Abstract of the Disclosure is provided to allow the reader toquickly ascertain the nature of the technical disclosure. It issubmitted with the understanding that it will not be used to interpretor limit the scope or meaning of the claims. In addition, in theforegoing Detailed Description, it can be seen that various features aregrouped together in a single embodiment for the purpose of streamliningthe disclosure. This method of disclosure is not to be interpreted asreflecting an intention that the claimed embodiments require morefeatures than are expressly recited in each claim. Rather, as thefollowing claims reflect, inventive subject matter lies in less than allfeatures of a single disclosed embodiment. Thus, the following claimsare hereby incorporated into the Detailed Description, with each claimstanding on its own as a separate embodiment.

What is claimed is:
 1. A computer-implemented method performed by acomputer system having a memory and at least one hardware processor, thecomputer-implemented method comprising: receiving, from a computingdevice of a user, a model training configuration entered by the user viaa user interface displayed on the computing device, the model trainingconfiguration comprising an identification of an equipment modelselected from a plurality of different equipment models and anidentification of a failure mode selected from a plurality of differentfailure modes of the selected equipment model, the plurality ofdifferent failure modes corresponding to different specific ways inwhich the selected equipment model is capable of failing; and training afailure curve model based on the model training configuration usingfailure event data for the selected failure mode of the selectedequipment model, the failure curve model being configured to estimatelifetime failure data for the selected failure mode of the selectedequipment model, the lifetime failure data indicating a probability ofthe selected equipment model failing in the specific way of the selectedfailure mode at any specific point in time during a lifetime of aphysical instance of the equipment model, the failure event dataidentifying events in which one or more physical instances of theselected equipment model suffered a functional failure in the specificway of the selected failure mode and comprising time data indicating acorresponding time at which each of the plurality of events occurred. 2.The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the selected failuremode corresponds to a specific subcomponent of the selected equipmentmodel.
 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprisinggenerating analytical data for the selected failure mode using thetrained failure curve model, the analytical data indicating at least aportion of the lifetime failure data for the selected equipment modelcorresponding to the selected failure mode.
 4. The computer-implementedmethod of claim 3, wherein the generated analytical data comprisesprobability of failure data or remaining useful life data.
 5. Thecomputer-implemented method of claim 3, further comprising causing avisualization of the generated analytical data to be displayed on acomputing device, wherein the visualization of the generated analyticaldata comprises a graph indicating corresponding probabilities of failureby the specific way of the selected failure mode for the lifetime of thephysical instance of the equipment model.
 6. The computer-implementedmethod of claim 3, further comprising causing a visualization of thegenerated analytical data to be displayed on a computing device, whereinthe visualization is generated based on a specific user-selected pointon a curve of a graph.
 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 1,wherein the model training configuration further comprises trainingschedule data indicating a time at which to train the failure curvemodel for the selected failure mode of the selected equipment model, andthe training of the failure curve model is performed at the timeindicated by the training schedule data.
 8. A system comprising: atleast one hardware processor; and a non-transitory computer-readablemedium storing executable instructions that, when executed, cause the atleast one processor to perform operations comprising: receiving, from acomputing device of a user, a model training configuration entered bythe user via a user interface displayed on the computing device, themodel training configuration comprising an identification of anequipment model selected from a plurality of different equipment modelsand an identification of a failure mode selected from a plurality ofdifferent failure modes of the selected equipment model, the pluralityof different failure modes corresponding to different specific ways inwhich the selected equipment model is capable of failing; and training afailure curve model based on the model training configuration usingfailure event data for the selected failure mode of the selectedequipment model, the failure curve model being configured to estimatelifetime failure data for the selected failure mode of the selectedequipment model, the lifetime failure data indicating a probability ofthe selected equipment model failing in the specific way of the selectedfailure mode at any specific point in time during a lifetime of aphysical instance of the equipment model, the failure event dataidentifying events in which one or more physical instances of theselected equipment model suffered a functional failure in the specificway of the selected failure mode and comprising time data indicating acorresponding time at which each of the plurality of events occurred. 9.The system of claim 8, wherein the selected failure mode corresponds toa specific subcomponent of the selected equipment model.
 10. The systemof claim 8, further comprising generating analytical data for theselected failure mode using the trained failure curve model, theanalytical data indicating at least a portion of the lifetime failuredata for the selected equipment model corresponding to the selectedfailure mode.
 11. The system of claim 10, wherein the generatedanalytical data comprises probability of failure data or remaininguseful life data.
 12. The system of claim 10, further comprising causinga visualization of the generated analytical data to be displayed on acomputing device, wherein the visualization of the generated analyticaldata comprises a graph indicating corresponding probabilities of failureby the specific way of the selected failure mode for the lifetime of thephysical instance of the equipment model.
 13. The system of claim 10,further comprising causing a visualization of the generated analyticaldata to be displayed on a computing device, wherein the visualization isgenerated based on a specific user-selected point on a curve of a graph.14. The system of claim 8, wherein the model training configurationfurther comprises training schedule data indicating a time at which totrain the failure curve model for the selected failure mode of theselected equipment model, and the training of the failure curve model isperformed at the time indicated by the training schedule data.
 15. Anon-transitory machine-readable storage medium, tangibly embodying a setof instructions that, when executed by at least one hardware processor,causes the at least one processor to perform operations comprising:receiving, from a computing device of a user, a model trainingconfiguration entered by the user via a user interface displayed on thecomputing device, the model training configuration comprising anidentification of an equipment model selected from a plurality ofdifferent equipment models and an identification of a failure modeselected from a plurality of different failure modes of the selectedequipment model, the plurality of different failure modes correspondingto different specific ways in which the selected equipment model iscapable of failing; and training a failure curve model based on themodel training configuration using failure event data for the selectedfailure mode of the selected equipment model, the failure curve modelbeing configured to estimate lifetime failure data for the selectedfailure mode of the selected equipment model, the lifetime failure dataindicating a probability of the selected equipment model failing in thespecific way of the selected failure mode at any specific point in timeduring a lifetime of a physical instance of the equipment model, thefailure event data identifying events in which one or more physicalinstances of the selected equipment model suffered a functional failurein the specific way of the selected failure mode and comprising timedata indicating a corresponding time at which each of the plurality ofevents occurred.
 16. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim15, wherein the selected failure mode corresponds to a specificsubcomponent of the selected equipment model.
 17. The non-transitorymachine-readable medium of claim 15, further comprising generatinganalytical data for the selected failure mode using the trained failurecurve model, the analytical data indicating at least a portion of thelifetime failure data for the selected equipment model corresponding tothe selected failure mode.
 18. The non-transitory machine-readablemedium of claim 17, wherein the generated analytical data comprisesprobability of failure data or remaining useful life data.
 19. Thenon-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 17, further comprisingcausing a visualization of the generated analytical data to be displayedon a computing device, wherein the visualization of the generatedanalytical data comprises a graph indicating corresponding probabilitiesof failure by the specific way of the failure mode for the lifetime ofthe physical instance of the equipment model.
 20. The non-transitorymachine-readable medium of claim 17, further comprising causing avisualization of the generated analytical data to be displayed on acomputing device, wherein the visualization is generated based on aspecific user-selected point on a curve of a graph.